# Prepare data
grouped_bar_df = (
    gapminder[[
        'country', 'year', 'lifeExp'
    ]].query(' year == 1967 | year == 2007 ')
    .pivot_table(
        index=['country'], columns='year',
        values='lifeExp')
    .assign(gap=lambda x: x[2007] - x[1967])
    .nlargest(5, 'gap')
    .reset_index()
    .melt(value_vars=[1967, 2007],
          id_vars=['country', 'gap'],
      value_name='lifeExp')
)

grouped_bar_df

	country	gap	year	lifeExp
0	Oman	28.652	1967	46.988
1	Vietnam	26.411	1967	47.838
2	Yemen, Rep.	25.714	1967	36.984
3	Indonesia	24.686	1967	45.964
4	Libya	23.725	1967	50.227
5	Oman	28.652	2007	75.640
6	Vietnam	26.411	2007	74.249
7	Yemen, Rep.	25.714	2007	62.698
8	Indonesia	24.686	2007	70.650
9	Libya	23.725	2007	73.952

Original plot

Python

# plotnine
grouped_bars_ggplot = (ggplot(grouped_bar_df,
                       aes(x='country',
                           y='lifeExp',
                           fill='year')) +
                geom_bar(stat="identity", position="dodge") +
                geom_hline(yintercept=0, size=1, colour="#333333") +
                bbc_style() +
                scale_fill_manual(values=("#1380A1", "#FAAB18")) +
#                         ggtitle('123')+\
                labs(title="We're living longer",
                     subtitle="Biggest life expectancy rise, 1967-2007"))

grouped_bars_ggplot

<ggplot: (-9223371848240241332)>

# altair
grouped_bars_altair = (
    alt.Chart(grouped_bar_df)
    .mark_bar(size=42)
    .encode(x='year:N',
            y='lifeExp:Q',
            color=alt.Color('year:N', scale=alt.Scale(
                range=["#1380A1", "#FAAB18"])),
            column='country:N')
    .properties(title={'text': "We're living longer",
                       'subtitle': 'Biggest life expectancy rise, 1967-2007'},
                width=100
                ).configure_facet(
        spacing=0.5,
#         strokeWidth=1.0,
    ).configure_scale(
        bandPaddingInner=0.4,
        bandPaddingOuter=0.4
    ).configure_header(labelOrient='bottom',
                       labelPadding=6,
                       titleOrient='bottom')
    .configure_axisX(
        ticks=False,
        labels=False,
        title=None,
    ).configure_view(
        stroke=None
    )
)

grouped_bars_altair